Menu Bar - Loads/Unloads parms, saves/reverts grids, interpolates grids, initializes parms from model.
Controller Area - Controls: animation, state variables, reference sets
Grid Manager - Displays grid inventory, edits grid times, deletes grids, creates grids from scratch
TimeScale - Displays time for both Grid Manager and Temporal Editor
Spatial Editor - Displays/edits one or more grids
Temporal Editor - Displays/edits time series of a single parm at a point/area
Pane Sizer - Controls screen real estate for each of the three editors.
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Reverts (copies from the database) over any modified grids, which discards any edits since the last save. |
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There is only one tool available in the Grid Manager and it is active at all times. The table below lists each action and the function it performs.
The following exercises will help you better understand functions and tools that available in the Grid manager. To begin, use the pane sizer to make sure that your Grid Manager is big enough to see several weather elements.
Note that the combination of sources (databases) and weather elements listed in the lower portion of the dialog were loaded and are now available for viewing and editing in the GFE.
Repeat this operation, but this time deselect Wind and Wx in the lower portion of the dialog by clicking with MB1. Note that when parameters are deselected, they are UNLOADED from the GFE.
Continue to load and unload more parameters until you understand how this dialog behaves and how it affects the set of parameters available for viewing and editing in the GFE.
As you drag the mouse cursor you should see blue hatched shading appear inside the weather element pane. This is how you identify a time period/weather element to which you will later apply an edit operation. Later, you will encounter exercises that show you how this selected time period/weather element is used in Grid Manager edit operations.
You can also identify a time period in a slightly different way using the Time Scale (located just below the Grid Manager). After identifying a time period in the Time Scale, MB1 click in the small box located in the upper-left of each Grid manager pane. Note that the time period for that pane now becomes selected. Using this method, you can select the same time period for many different weather elements. The main menu bar function Edit->Deselect All will deselect all time periods and weather elements.
You should see new grids appear in your forecast. If not, make sure that you have selected a time period that matches at least a portion of the time period of the model you desire and repeat until new grids have been copied into your forecast.
Note that there are gaps in your forecast. Because models provide snapshots of the state of the atmosphere, the system (arbitrarily) assigns a one-hour duration to each grid. Click MB1 on one of the grids in the Grid Manager. The grid should appear in the Spatial Editor.
You should see new grids that appear and fill in the gaps that you identified in step 1. If you visualize these grids in sequence by stepping through them using an MB1 click (or the animator), you will notice that the values at each grid point progressively change in time to provide a smooth transition from one original grid to the next.
Interpolating By Gaps uses all grids in the selected time range to calculate new grids to fill the gaps. The other method of interpolation uses only the grids that you modified to calculate the new grids and replaces those grid you did not modify with interpolated grid. For example, if you edit two of three grids copied from a model, select these grids in the Grid manager and choose Services->Interpolate->Based on Edited Data, new interpolated grids will fill the gaps, the unedited model grid will be replaced by an interpolated grid, and the edited grids will remain unmodified.
This operation can be performed many ways. The method described in this exercise allows you to copy any grid visible that is in the Grid Manager to any other time period/weather element, provided that the destination weather element shares the same units (e.g., Temperature and Dew Point).
While you drag the grid block, you should see a white outline that identifies the target time period. When you release MB1, you should see a new grid appear. This grid is identical to the source grid in every way except the time period over which it is valid.
Load T and Td into the GFE (if they are not already). Repeat this exercise using one of the T grids as the source and Td as the destination. Note that as you're dragging the grid block over other weather elements, the white outline does not appear. This means that these weather elements are not eligible as copy destinations because their units are different than the units of T (degrees F).
Some weather elements such as Wx, frequently change very little over long time periods. In these cases, rather than repeating the same grid over and over, it is useful to define a single grid that is valid for a longer time period. This operation shows you how to redefined the time period over which a grid is valid.
As you drag MB1 left and right, you should notice that you are extending the end time of the grid forward in time (right) or extending the start time backwards in time (left). Note that there is no way to shrink a grid block in time.
Repeat this exercise, but this time stretch the grid block into one or more existing grid blocks. Note that any grid blocks that were stretched over other grids (or portions thereof) were deleted from the inventory. This one way to shorten the time over which a grid block is valid. Another way to shorten valid grid times utilizes the Delete function which is discussed in the section titled Delete Grids
Occasionally, you may want to create a new grid from scratch instead of copying one from a model, or another parameter, or by using interpolation. The Create From Scratch feature was made for this situation.
A new grid should appear over the gap block that you selected. This new grid has the minimum time period allowed for that parameter, but it can always be stretched or moved to a new time period. The value of this grid varies by parameter, but is usually the minimum value allowed (e.g., temperature, value = -50F). Generally the next step is to define the values of the grid points using the Paint tool of the Define Grid tool. These tools will be discussed in some detail later.
Note that the grids you identified were removed from that weather element's inventory. Let's try a variation on the previous exercise.
This time, since you only selected a portion of the grid block, only that portion was deleted. This is another way that you can shorten the time period over which a grid is valid.
Before you start any exercises, you'll need to know about a few of the components that control how the Spatial Editor behaves. Reference Sets control the area over which certain tools operate. The Data Selector controls whether parms are visible, active, and displayed as an image.
Many of the spatial editor tools use references sets to determine which grid points to modify. It's useful to review them before we start using the spatial editor tools.
A Reference Set defines a set of grid points. Theses points may comprise a county, forecast zone, or any random area that you define. They may be saved and recalled later for reuse.
The Data Selector controls the visibility state, active state, and visual state of a parm. The figure below describes the layout of the data selector.
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Displays the Display Attributes dialog. This allows you to change the graphic color or the image visualization. |
The spatial editor legend displays the relationship between color and value. It has a tool that is active at all times.
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Toggle zoom - if zoomed out -> zooms in, if zoomed in -> zooms out |
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Before you can begin editing data in the Spatial Editor, it helps if you understand how make grids visible so you can see them, how to make grids active so you can edit them, and how to make grids display as an image to better visualize them. The following exercises describe these operations.
Before a grid can be edited in the GFE it must be in the active state. The Data Selector controls which grids are active. The Data Selector is divided into two lists. The top list contains the active or editable grids. The lower list contains those grids that are not active.
Note that the grid's parameter label jumped to the top list indicating that grid is now active. If the label contains the words <NoData>, there is no grid that corresponds to the time that you previously selected in the Grid Manager. If there is no grid, go to the Grid Manager and Create From Scratch at the time indicated by the dotted yellow line. That will create a new grid and you should see it displayed in the Spatial Editor.
You should have noticed that the grid label jumped to the bottom (inactive) list. This exercise illustrates that clicking MB2 on a Data Selector label will toggle the active state for that grid.
The number of parameters in the GFE can be so large that you cannot usefully view them all at once. The Data Selector allows you to easily toggle the visibility of any grid.
If the grid was visible, it should be invisible now. If it was previously invisible, you should now be able to see it. This exercise illustrates that clicking MB1 on a Data Selector label will toggle the visible state for that grid.
All gridded data may be viewed as an image, a set of contours or both. By default all grids are displayed as contours only. However, if you want to see a grid as an image, the Data Selector allows you this option.
If the grid was visible, you should have seen it change from a contour visualization to an image. Also, a legend appeared below the Data Selector illustrating the relationship between color and value, more commonly referred to as the color table.
Note the grid toggled back to the contours only visualization. This exercise illustrates that the small button located in each label toggles the image state of that grid.
In summary, the Data Selector controls the three independent states that any grid may have: active, visible, and image. Clicking MB2 on the label toggles the active state. Clicking MB1 on the label toggles the visible state. Clicking MB1 in the small box inside the label toggles the image state.
Freehand tools are those Spatial Editor tools that modify the values of grid points as you move the cursor. These tools do not use reference sets to determine which grid points to modify, only the cursor position and edit tool size determine which points are modified.
The table below lists each freehand tool, all actions associated with it, and the function performed.
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References: User Guide - p. 178-181
As you're dragging the cursor over the Spatial Editor display, you should see the values of the grid points inside the white box change to the value that you picked up in the legend. For better performance, MB3 button over the grid's label in the Data Selector and select Display Attributes.... When the dialog appears, turn off the box labeled Contour under the Image Visual Type column. Then select OK. That will turn off the contours and give you much better performance.
Play around with the paint tool a bit before you move on to the next tool. Note that clicking MB1 will paint the grid points inside the white edit box as well. Also note that any grid point touching the white edit box will be edited. Change the Freehand Edit Size and try the tool again.
The Freehand Adjust tool works just like the Paint tool except that instead of assigning a specific value, this tool changes the value by adding or subtracting a small amount. This "small amount" is known as the delta value, or the amount that the grid points will change with each operation.
You should notice that while you drag the cursor across the display, the grid values are increasing by the amount you defined in the Delta slider.
Now the grid values are decreasing as you move the cursor across the spatial display. If you applied the decrement operation exactly over the same area as the increment operation, you should see your original grid with little or no changes.
Use the Freehand Adjust tool again but this time click MB1 instead. Note that all grid points inside and touching the white edit box increase in value. Change the Freehand Edit Size and try the tool again.
Like the Paint and Freehand Adjust tools, the Freehand Smooth tool modifies grid values as you move the cursor across the display. The Smooth operation, however, performs a 9-point average for every grid inside and touching the white edit box. This operation serves to smooth out any strong gradients that might occur after using one of the assign or adjust tools.
Note that as you move the cursor across the display the data inside and touching the white edit box are being smoothed. This might be difficult to detect if your data is reasonably smooth already. If you can't tell if the tool is working, select the Paint tool and pick a large value from the legend. Then use the tool to set some grid points to this high value. Reselect the Freehand Smooth tool and apply it to the large gradient that you just created with the paint tool. If the spatial editor is displaying contours along with the image, you should see the contours spread out with each smooth operation.
Grid Point Tools require that you first define the set of grid points to which you want the edit operation to apply and then apply the operation. The set of grid points that you define is called the Reference Set. You may load a Reference Set from the database or define on using the Select Points tool.
The table below lists each Grid Point tool, all action associated with it, and the corresponding function. Unless noted otherwise, the MB3 pop-up menu contains only "Undo Last Edit" which will undo the previous edit operation.
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We stated earlier that GridPoint tools work differently than freehand tools in that two steps are required before you actually modify data. First you must identify the area (set of points) over which you want to edit. Then you execute the edit operation to modify the data. The Select Points tool allows you select grid points several different ways in order to help you identify those grid points you want to modify. This exercise will get you familiar with the some of the features offered by the Select Points tool.
When you released the mouse button, you should see a large region filled with small `x's that correspond to your large circle. You have now defined what is called a Reference Set. If you use any of the grid point tools, this is the area that will be modified when you perform the edit operation.
You should now see a donut-shaped area. The Select Points tool allows you to select an area with MB1 drags and deselect an area with MB2 drags.
Practice using the Select Points tool. Load a county or zone map and try to make a reference set that defines a single county.
Your reference set should have been erased. MB2 clicks will erase a reference set region. Try defining several separate areas and delete them individually using MB2 clicks.
Now that you've mastered making reference sets, you're ready for the Grid Point tools.
The six tools found on the middle row of the edit tool palette are Grid Point tools. They all, in general, behave the same way in that you first define an area or areas to edit, select the tool, and apply the operation. How the grid values are modified, of course, is different from tool to tool.
For many of the grid point tools (Assign, Adjust, Taper, and Smooth), dragging with MB1 pressed will define a new area and dragging with MB2 pressed will undefine an area. The other two grid point tools, Vector and Move/Copy, already utilize these drag events, so selecting and deselecting areas is not available with these tools.
For these next set of exercises, configure the GFE so that a grid is active and visible as an image in the Spatial Editor.
Each time you clicked MB1, you set those grid points to the pickup value. This exercise shows that if the cursor is inside a separate area, only that area will be paint. However if the cursor is not over any selected grid points, all selected points will be assigned the pickup value. All grid point tools behave this way. Notice that as you move your cursor in and out of the separate areas, the areas highlight to let you know what set of grid points are about to be edited.
The Taper and Adjust tools are very similar except that the Adjust tool applies the delta amount uniformly over the entire area, while the Taper tool varies the amount applied to each grid point depending on the distance from the cursor and distance from the edge of the area.
Feel free to repeat the last two exercises until you understand the difference in behavior between the Adjust and Taper tools
If any of the areas you selected contained strong gradients, you probably noticed that the gradients were relaxed a bit each time you performed the smooth operation.
The Vector tool utilizes the MB1 drag operation, so you cannot use that to define a reference area. To do that, you must use the Select Points tool, define your area, and then switch to the Vector tool to modify the data.
You may find the Vector tool a bit awkward at first, but with a little practice you'll be able to define vector values easily and quickly.
Occasionally you'll notice that the values of the grid points are reasonable, but you won't agree with the location of certain features. The Move/Copy tool was made for this purpose. Once you've identified the feature with the Select Points tool, you can adjust its location with the Move/Copy tool.
Note that the feature you selected has been copied to a new location. The original feature (at least the part that did not overlap the copied area) was left untouched.
This time the original selected area did not remain unchanged. When you released MB2, an interpolation algorithm filled in the original area with new values.
Use MB1 when you want to copy an area of data and move it to a new location. Use MB2 if you want to move some feature and fill in the original area with background values.
The Define Grid tool allows you to draw "contours" in the Spatial Editor display and then interpolate between the contours so that the grid is defined everywhere. Typically you would use the Define Grid tool right after you created a new grid from scratch (see Create Grid from Scratch ).
After a few seconds you should see a grid appear that conforms to the contours you defined. If you defined just a few contours, it's likely that the algorithm took more than a few seconds and the results were less than desirable. If this is the case, start over and try the tool again from Step 1. Remember that the more contours you define the faster and better the results.
If you created a new grid using the Define Grid tool, it's likely that you'll want to adjust a few areas before the grid looks just the way you want. The pencil tool allows you to "redraw" contours after which the grid data are modified to match the contour pattern.
As you drag the cursor with MB1 pressed, you'll see a white line that defines the new position for this contour. When you release MB1, the grid values will be modified such that the new contour will be drawn very near the line you identified.
The remaining set of the spatial edit tools don't modify data, but perform functions that allow you to visualize or interpret the data better. The table below lists each of these tools, mouse bindings, and functions that are performed with each action.
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The Zoom tool is used to enlarge display so that you can view details more easily
When you MB1 drag with the zoom tool, you can instantly zoom to the area as outlined by the white rectangle.
The Spatial Sample tool displays a text representation of grid values for all currently active grids. These representations, called "samples", are useful when you're editing data and want to know the value of a weather element at a particular location, such as a city.
The temporal editor, located below the time scale, displays a time series at a particular point or area. The Temporal Sample tool allows you to set the location from which these time series plots will be derived.
For the next exercise, you'll need to configure the GFE so that both the Spatial Editor and the Temporal Editor are visible simultaneously.
The Temporal Sample tool is used primarily to view time series displays at a point. It's a good technique to use if you want to scan the forecast temporally, such as viewing the highs and lows for a specific weather element.
Each pane of the temporal editor contains one tool that depends completing the type of the data displayed. For example, temperature is a scalar, so the temporal Adjust Scalar tool is the only tool available when temperature is displayed. The Adjust Vector tool edits wind data and the temporal Set Value tool edits weather and obstructions. The table below lists each of the tools, mouse actions, and functions.
In addition to the tools that modify data, there's a zoom tool associated with the vertical scale located just to the left of the time series display. The next table shows how you can manipulate the vertical scale with the mouse.
For the next set of exercises, it's best to set up your GFE so that both the spatial and temporal editors are visible simultaneously. For all of the exercises, you'll be asked to define a reference set then edit the data using the temporal editor. Using the temporal editor is similar to using the grid point tools. First you define the area over which you want to edit using reference sets, then you perform the operation.
Before you begin: Set up your GFE so that the spatial and temporal editors are visible. Load T (temperature) via the Weather Element->Matrix Load... dialog. Make sure that the TE Relative Edit button located in the controller area is off.
Repeat this exercise until you are comfortable using the Adjust Scalar temporal tool. This and all the temporal tools are capable of modifying a large quantity of data with only a few edit operations. Used properly, these tools can save you lots of time.
Before you begin: Set up your GFE so that the spatial and temporal editors are visible. Load Wind via the Weather Element->Matrix Load... dialog. Make sure that the TE Relative Edit button located in the controller area is still off.
If you're editing wind magnitude only, the vector adjust tool works just like the scalar adjust tool. It's when you edit the direction that things get interesting.
This exercise demonstrates that with the Shift button up, the temporal adjust vector tool changes the magnitude. With the Shift button down, the tool changes the wind direction.
Before you begin: Set up your GFE so that the spatial and temporal editors are visible. Load Wx via the Weather Element->Matrix Load... dialog. Make sure that the TE Relative Edit button located in the controller area is still off.
The temporal Set Value tool does not support drag operations as with the scalar and vector tools. Only MB1 clicks will modify data in the Wx pane.
The previous temporal editor exercises demonstrated how TE Absolute mode works. Every time you make a change to the temporal value, that value is assigned to the entire area you selected in the spatial editor. TE Relative mode works differently in that the relative change is applied to the selected area. For example, if you made a +5 degree change to your temperature time-series, 5 degrees is added to every point in the selected area. This preserves the relative gradients in the area which is sometimes very desirable.
Before you begin: Set up your GFE so that the spatial and temporal editors are visible. Load T (temperature) via the Weather Element->Matrix Load... dialog if T is not loaded already.